The General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization has approved, at its twelfth session, 23 November 1972 in Paris, the Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.
The preamble of the Convention states that damage or loss of any specimen of cultural heritage determines the impoverishment of the heritage of all peoples of the world. In addition, parts of the cultural heritage are so important that they should be protected as part of the common heritage of all humanity. The international documents adopted in this field, yet according to the preamble, are evidence of how the conservation of cultural heritage is important to all peoples of the world, regardless of their membership.
The introduction to the Convention clearly interprets the cultural idea of internationalism, making a distinction between the ’material’ property of individual cultural heritage and the ‘spiritual’ belonging. The common heritage of mankind is the witness of the past of a community and the community of man extends to the whole planet.
The basic peculiarity of humanity’s heritage is its universality. The importance of individual property therefore transcends national borders. Among other things, the common heritage of mankind includes Antarctica, space, the stars of heaven, the sea floor and in more recent times also the genetic heritage and natural environment, the ozone layer, etc.. What ‘s just been listed as such, has in common with the heritage of humanity the fact to find its full expression only when the target is a common use of the whole world community, free of any-national logic .
If possible, on a theoretical plane, to equate the world’s cultural heritage with the Moon, for example, you can not do it on a legal level. A. Kiss for this reason distinguishes between the ‘authentic’ and ‘non-authentic’ heritage of humanity . The authentic heritage is common to all by its very nature, while ‘non-authentic’ heritage can not be exempted from national jurisdiction and is always possible to identify the owner. The most appropriate example for the ‘non-authentic’ heritage is in fact the world’s cultural heritage.
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